独立服务器硬盘检测方法（实时掌握硬盘好坏）

不少国外商家都在促销便宜服务器，性价比非常高，但要警觉的一点就是很多便宜的独立服务器都用来挖矿，硬盘损耗非常大，严重影响硬盘寿命，非常容易损坏。所以购买低端便宜独服要特别注意一下。虽然硬盘坏了，可以要求商家更换硬盘，但是比较麻烦。

我们可以通过几段代码就可以快速检查硬盘状态，只适用于独立服务器，不能用在VPS和VDS上，因为VPS和VDS存储是虚拟化的，不是物理硬盘。

就像我们在PC上检查硬盘是否损坏一样，在独服上也是使用 S.M.A.R.T，来检测和报告硬盘可靠性的各种指标。很多童鞋都知道 S.M.A.R.T，不多讲了。

首先，安装smart-tools软件包。以Debian为例。

apt-get install smartmontools

下一步，查询硬盘

smartctl -a /dev/sdg

下面是一份几乎全新（使用不到72小时）的西数 6TB SATA硬盘 报告。

# smartctl -a /dev/sdg
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-16-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD6003FZBX-00K5WB0
Serial Number: V9JGEZSL
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 0bde2c0ba
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity: 6,001,175,126,016 bytes [6.00 TB] Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sun Jul 11 11:52:27 2021 PDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 87) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 593) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x0035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 016 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0004 133 133 054 Old_age Offline - 92
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 100 100 024 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000a 100 100 067 Old_age Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0004 128 128 020 Old_age Offline - 18
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 69
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0012 100 100 060 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 4
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 4
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 141 141 000 Old_age Always - 39 (Min/Max 25/41)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t] SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

Power_On_Hours：硬盘通电的总时间。

Power_Cycle_Count：该硬盘多久进行一次电源循环？

Raw_Read_Error_Rate, Seek_Error_Rate, Offline_Uncorrectable：这些最好是零。

Reallocated_Event_Coun：理想情况下，应该是零和比较低的数字。

SMART overall-health self-assessment test result：测试结果，通过提示为PASSED。

如果独立服务器的硬盘报告显示寿命已经使用好几年了，或者出现很多错误，可能联系你的主机商，要求进行更换，避免影响项目部署。

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